See heb in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heb law"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "heb"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hep",
"hep#Old_Welsh"
],
[
"*heb",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/heb"
],
[
"*sekʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sekʷetor"
],
[
"sech",
"sech#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "without"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"id": "follow"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "owl",
"3": "hep"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh hep",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*heb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *heb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*sekʷetor",
"4": "*sekʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "sech",
"t": "past, beyond"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish sech (“past, beyond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"4": "",
"5": "follow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Morris Jones, John (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1913), <cite>A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative</cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 210 x (3), page 404</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh hep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo- (compare Old Irish sech (“past, beyond”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hebðaw m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "— f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hep",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 38 17 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"without"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-heb-wlm-prep-EhayqIl1",
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 38 17 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 45 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the negative of a verbal noun"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-heb-wlm-prep-EdVe7pJC"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 38 17 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past (beyond in place)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-heb-wlm-prep-tD9sLuq5",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/heb/"
}
],
"word": "heb"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "hebu"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*hėbɨd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/hėbɨd"
],
[
"*sekʷeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sekʷeti"
],
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_say"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "said"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"id": "say"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*hėbɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *hėbɨd",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*sekʷeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷeti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"id": "say",
"t": "to say"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *hėbɨd, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷeti, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hep",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 38 17 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to answer",
"translation": "to answer",
"word": "attep"
}
],
"glosses": [
"said"
],
"id": "en-heb-wlm-verb--0bHm363",
"links": [
[
"said",
"said"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/heb/"
}
],
"word": "heb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh defective verbs",
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh prepositions",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Old Welsh",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (follow)",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (say)",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "heb law"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "heb"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"hep",
"hep#Old_Welsh"
],
[
"*heb",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/heb"
],
[
"*sekʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sekʷetor"
],
[
"sech",
"sech#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "without"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"id": "follow"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "owl",
"3": "hep"
},
"expansion": "Old Welsh hep",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*heb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *heb",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*sekʷetor",
"4": "*sekʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "sech",
"t": "past, beyond"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish sech (“past, beyond”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"4": "",
"5": "follow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Morris Jones, John (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1913), <cite>A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative</cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 210 x (3), page 404</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Welsh hep, from Proto-Brythonic *heb, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷo- (compare Old Irish sech (“past, beyond”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“follow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "g",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hebðaw m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "— f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hep",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"without"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"without",
"without"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used to form the negative of a verbal noun"
],
"head_nr": 1
},
{
"glosses": [
"past (beyond in place)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"past",
"past"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/heb/"
}
],
"word": "heb"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh defective verbs",
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sekʷ- (say)",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to answer",
"translation": "to answer",
"word": "attep"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "hebu"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*hėbɨd",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/hėbɨd"
],
[
"*sekʷeti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sekʷeti"
],
[
"*sekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sekʷ-#Proto-Indo-European:_say"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "said"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"id": "say"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*hėbɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *hėbɨd",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*sekʷeti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *sekʷeti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sekʷ-",
"id": "say",
"t": "to say"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *hėbɨd, from Proto-Celtic *sekʷeti, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hep",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"said"
],
"links": [
[
"said",
"said"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/heb/"
}
],
"word": "heb"
}
Download raw JSONL data for heb meaning in Middle Welsh (5.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: triggers soft mutation",
"path": [
"heb"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "heb",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, heb/Middle Welsh",
"path": [
"heb"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "preposition",
"title": "heb",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.